diff --git a/Admin.NET/Admin.NET.Web.Entry/wwwroot/Template/index.vue.vm b/Admin.NET/Admin.NET.Web.Entry/wwwroot/Template/index.vue.vm
index 289fead4..7dc3a419 100644
--- a/Admin.NET/Admin.NET.Web.Entry/wwwroot/Template/index.vue.vm
+++ b/Admin.NET/Admin.NET.Web.Entry/wwwroot/Template/index.vue.vm
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     }
 }
 <template>
-    <div class="@(@Model.LowerClassName)-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+    <div class="@(@Model.LowerClassName)-container">
         <el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '20px 20px 16px 10px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%" @@submit.prevent="handleQuery" >
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -334,7 +334,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async (reset = false) => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/home/notice/index.vue b/Web/src/views/home/notice/index.vue
index d5b8ffaa..b4ad117f 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/home/notice/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/home/notice/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="notice-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="notice-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/codeGen/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/codeGen/index.vue
index f7b9fff1..66ba0258 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/codeGen/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/codeGen/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-codeGen-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-codeGen-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -161,7 +161,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/config/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/config/index.vue
index 359bf127..aa048a6e 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/config/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/config/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-config-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-config-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -148,7 +148,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
 	// 调用vxe-grid的commitProxy(query)方法，触发表格重新加载数据
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/database/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/database/index.vue
index dde043c4..fb1b8b7c 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/database/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/database/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-database-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-database-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -169,7 +169,9 @@ const handleQueryColumnApi = async () => {
 
 // 查询列操作
 const handleQueryColumn = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 增加表
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/file/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/file/index.vue
index 126f641b..5d8225d5 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/file/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/file/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-file-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-file-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -223,7 +223,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/job/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/job/index.vue
index 3a29d418..2d628a94 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/job/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/job/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-job-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-job-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/ldap/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/ldap/index.vue
index 28dc89d5..e1618e91 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/ldap/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/ldap/index.vue
@@ -165,7 +165,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/log/difflog/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/log/difflog/index.vue
index d2eac36f..60754062 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/log/difflog/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/log/difflog/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-difflog-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-difflog-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/log/exlog/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/log/exlog/index.vue
index a8c89d3a..df783362 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/log/exlog/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/log/exlog/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-exlog-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-exlog-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -191,7 +191,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/log/oplog/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/log/oplog/index.vue
index d6251540..b41d8c1c 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/log/oplog/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/log/oplog/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-oplog-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-oplog-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -193,7 +193,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/log/vislog/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/log/vislog/index.vue
index 8355dcab..edf1f17e 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/log/vislog/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/log/vislog/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-vislog-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-vislog-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -143,7 +143,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/menu/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/menu/index.vue
index f9fea7cd..f837595c 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/menu/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/menu/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-menu-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-menu-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async () => {
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
 	// 调用vxe-grid的commitProxy(query)方法，触发表格重新加载数据
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/notice/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/notice/index.vue
index d39b7f0a..cd01f233 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/notice/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/notice/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-notice-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-notice-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -147,7 +147,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/oAuthUser/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/oAuthUser/index.vue
index 3b845e7e..751523ce 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/oAuthUser/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/oAuthUser/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sysOAuthUser-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sysOAuthUser-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -147,7 +147,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/onlineUser/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/onlineUser/index.vue
index c107c44d..acaf8953 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/onlineUser/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/onlineUser/index.vue
@@ -179,7 +179,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/openAccess/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/openAccess/index.vue
index 9513d5b4..559973d9 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/openAccess/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/openAccess/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-open-access-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-open-access-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -134,7 +134,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/org/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/org/index.vue
index da4edb78..dd6593d7 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/org/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/org/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-org-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-org-container">
 		<el-row :gutter="5" style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
 			<el-col :span="4" :xs="24" style="display: flex; height: 100%">
 				<OrgTree ref="orgTreeRef" @node-click="handleNodeChange" />
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/plugin/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/plugin/index.vue
index 6ed9fe45..1ca3307b 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/plugin/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/plugin/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-plugin-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-plugin-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/pos/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/pos/index.vue
index 42751043..698216d6 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/pos/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/pos/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-pos-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-pos-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -134,7 +134,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
 	// 调用vxe-grid的commitProxy(query)方法，触发表格重新加载数据
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/print/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/print/index.vue
index ae5fd77a..f0078e81 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/print/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/print/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-print-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-print-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -130,7 +130,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/region/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/region/index.vue
index 7ea8e778..82ca43fa 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/region/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/region/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-region-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-region-container">
 		<el-row :gutter="5" style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
 			<el-col :span="6" :xs="24" style="display: flex; height: 100%">
 				<RegionTree ref="regionTreeRef" @node-click="handleNodeChange" />
@@ -150,7 +150,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/role/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/role/index.vue
index c8a526fb..b7ed3207 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/role/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/role/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-role-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-role-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -155,7 +155,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/tenant/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/tenant/index.vue
index a60c618c..e09993f4 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/tenant/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/tenant/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-tenant-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-tenant-container">
 		<el-card shadow="hover" :body-style="{ padding: '5px 5px 0 5px', display: 'flex', width: '100%', height: '100%', alignItems: 'start' }">
 			<el-form :model="state.queryParams" ref="queryForm" :show-message="false" :inlineMessage="true" label-width="auto" style="flex: 1 1 0%">
 				<el-row :gutter="10">
@@ -184,7 +184,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作
diff --git a/Web/src/views/system/user/index.vue b/Web/src/views/system/user/index.vue
index 575bda91..b976b6f2 100644
--- a/Web/src/views/system/user/index.vue
+++ b/Web/src/views/system/user/index.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <template>
-	<div class="sys-user-container" v-loading="options.loading">
+	<div class="sys-user-container">
 		<el-row :gutter="5" style="width: 100%; height: 100%">
 			<el-col :span="4" :xs="24" style="display: flex; height: 100%">
 				<OrgTree ref="treeRef" @node-click="handleNodeChange" />
@@ -184,7 +184,9 @@ const handleQueryApi = async (page: VxeGridPropTypes.ProxyAjaxQueryPageParams, s
 
 // 查询操作
 const handleQuery = async () => {
+	options.loading = true;
 	await xGrid.value?.commitProxy('query');
+	options.loading = false;
 };
 
 // 重置操作